Reinstatement Review Inventory-II

REINSTATEMENT REVIEW INVENTORY-II
(RRI-II)

The Reinstatement Review Inventory-II, or RRI-II, is a test designed to screen applicants applying for reinstatement of their drivers’ licenses after it was suspended or revoked. The RRI-II consists of 128 items and takes 25 minutes to complete. It has six scales (measures): 1. Truthfulness Scale, 2. Alcohol Scale, 3. Drugs Scale, 4. Comparative Change Scale, 5. Intervention Checklist Scale and 6. Stress Coping Abilities Scale.

The RRI-II is different. The RRI-II explores the question "Has the applicant changed since their driver’s license was suspended or revoked?"

Six RRI-II Scales (Measures)

1. Truthfulness Scale: Measures how truthful the applicant was while completing the RRI-II. This scale identifies problem minimization, denial and attempts to fake good.
    
2. Alcohol Scale: Measures the applicant’s use and/or abuse of alcohol. The term alcohol refers to beer, wine or other liquor.
    
3. Drugs Scale: Measures illicit drug use and abuse. Drugs refer to marijuana, cocaine, crack, amphetamines, barbiturates and heroin.
    
4. Comparative Change Scale: Helps identify applicants who have experienced positive attitudinal and behavioral change since their drivers’ licenses was suspended or revoked.
    
5. Intervention Checklist Scale: Clarifies the applicant’s status in terms of meeting requirements for reinstatement of their driver’s license. Have they only completed minimum requirements? Or, have they demonstrated a sincere commitment to change?
    
6. Stress Coping Abilities Scale: Measures how well the applicant handles stress, pressure and anxiety. We now know that stress exacerbates emotional and mental health problems.

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Why Have a Test for Driver’s License Reinstatement?

Because the information needed to decide whether or not to reinstate a suspended or revoked driver’s license is in many ways unique. Has the applicant changed since their driver’s license was suspended or revoked? Does the applicant have an alcohol or drug problem? Does the applicant have emotional or attitudinal problems that could overwhelm their stress coping abilities? Has the applicant made a sincere commitment to positive responsible change? Questions asked before driver’s license reinstatement go beyond just alcohol and drug use.

It is assumed that a state reviews an applicant’s court and driving history prior to reinstating a revoked or suspended driver’s license. It is also assumed that somebody interviews the applicant. Is this enough? Considering the serious responsibilities and potential consequences associated with driver’s license reinstatement, many people don’t think so. Risk & Needs Assessment, Inc. (Risk & Needs) interviewed people working in driver’s license reinstatement programs in three states, and not one person was satisfied with their reinstatement procedures. When asked what they were looking for, the overwhelming majority said, "Some indication that the applicant had positively changed since their driver’s license was suspended or revoked." When asked how they made this determination, almost all just laughed or shrugged their shoulders.

Two RRI Versions (RRI and RRI-II)

The RRI-II is discussed on this webpage. For comparison, the Reinstatement Review Inventory (RRI) is briefly discussed. The RRI has 124 items and takes 25 minutes to complete. The RRI has six scales (measures): 1. Truthfulness Scale, 2. Road Rage Scale, 3. Alcohol Scale, 4. Drugs Scale, 5. Comparative Change Scale and 6. The Intervention Checklist. Interested parties should decide between the RRI (has a Road Rage Scale) and the RRI-II (replaced Road Rage Scale with the Stress Coping Abilities Scale). If you would like more information on the RRI, click on this RRI link.

How Should the RRI-II Be Used?

The RRI-II should be used in conjunction with a review of available driving records, an interview with the applicant and experienced staff judgment.

How Can You tell if The Applicant Was Truthful?

The RRI-II has a built-in Truthfulness Scale that identifies defensiveness, denial, problem minimization and attempts to fake good. It would be naïve to assume that all applicants answer questions truthfully. And, without a reliable, valid and accurate Truthfulness Scale, many staff are deceived.

Advantages of Screening

Screening or assessment instruments filter out individuals with problems that may require more assistance and help. This filtering system works as follows:

Reference to the above table shows that a problem is not identified until a scale score is at the 70^th percentile or higher. These risk range percentiles are based upon applicants that have completed the RRI-II. This procedure is fair and avoids extremes, i.e., over-identification and under-identification of problems.

Using the above table, only applicants with severe problems (11% of applicants screened) might be referred for additional services. In this example, 89 percent (contingent upon adopted policy) of the applicants screened would not be referred for additional (and often unnecessary as well as expensive) services. Savings (dollars) could be large with no compromises in applicants being made aware of their problems and needs. Indeed, it is likely that more applicants would receive needed help. Without a screening program, there is usually more risk of over or under-utilization of additional services. And, nobody wants to reinstate a driver’s license to an applicant who then has a DUI accident and kills somebody.

Test Booklets

RRI-II test booklets are provided free. These booklets contain 128 items and are written at a 5^th to 6^th grade reading level. If a person can read the newspaper, they can read the RRI-II.

Reports

In brief, RRI-II reports summarize the applicant’s answers in a concise 3-page report. The RRI-II profile (graph) summarizes RRI-II findings at a glance. Each scale score is summarized in a paragraph that presents the applicant’s score, explains what that score means and provides score-related recommendations. Significant items (admissions and unusual answers) are printed for staff review. In addition, applicant answers to the multiple choice (items 119 to 128) are printed for reference. To review an RRI-II example report, click on the RRI-II Report link. This example report is also presented at the end of this webpage.

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Staff often wants quick reference of RRI-II results. To meet this need, test results are summarized at the top of the first page of the report. These summary statements are as follows:

THREE SUMMARY STATEMENTS

INVALID TEST RESULTS. This summary statement means that RRI-II results are distorted due to defensiveness, denial, problem minimization or attempts to fake good.

MEETS REINSTATEMENT CRITERIA. This statement means RRI-II test results meet established reinstatement criteria. RRI-II results indicate it would be appropriate to reinstate the applicant’s driver’s license. However, we emphasize no reinstatement decision should be based solely on RRI-II results.

EXCEEDS REINSTATEMENT CRITERIA. This statement means RRI-II results reflect serious problems. This statement pertains only to RRI-II results.

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Link to RRI-II Example Report

An RRI-II example report is presented at the end of this webpage. If you want to go directly to this report, click on the Example Report link. You might check the top right of the first page of the example report to see how the RRI-II quick reference summary statements look.

How to Review RRI-II Reports

1. Check the RRI-II Summary Statement. These statements were described earlier. They are presented in the top right of the first page of the RRI-II report. For example, MEETS REINSTATEMENT CRITERIA is printed in a box in the example RRI-II report.

2. Review the RRI-II Profile. This RRI-II profile (graph) is on the first page of the RRI-II report. It summarizes scale scores at a glance. The RRI-II profile presents each RRI-II scale by name, obtained percentile score and graphical presentation of scores.

3. Scale Score Summary Paragraphs. Attained scale scores are presented and explained along with score-related recommendations. The paragraphs are contained on page 2 and the top of page 3 in the RRI-II report.

4. Significant Items. These are direct admissions or unusual answers to the Alcohol Scale and Drugs Scale. When no significant items apply, this is stated in the RRI-II report.

5. Multiple Choice. The last sequence of items in the RRI-II (items 119 to 128). Each of these multiple choice items has four answers to choose from, and the answers selected are printed in the RRI-II report.

6. Other sources of information. The RRI-II is to be used in conjunction with a review of the applicant’s driving records, an interview and experienced staff judgment.

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Everybody seems to have their own approach to data gathering. The above suggestions are simply that -- suggestions. All Risk & Needs asks is that the empirically based information contained in RRI-II reports be considered in the overall decision making process.

Reliability and Validity

Early research used criterion measures, and the RRI-II was validated with other tests, e.g., Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) L and F-Scales, 16PF, Treatment Intervention Inventory, etc. Subsequently, database analysis based studies further support RRI-II reliability and validity. To review RRI-II research, click on the RRI-II Research Study link. Another research study link is presented at the end of this webpage.

The RRI-II has a proprietary built-in database that insures inclusion of all administered tests in a confidential (no names) manner. Annual database analysis further demonstrates that the RRI-II is a reliable and valid test.

The inter-item reliability (alpha) coefficients for the six RRI-II scales are presented below. There were 249 participants who completed the RRI-II. All scales were highly reliable. All of the alpha reliability coefficients for all RRI-II scales were at or above 0.85. These results demonstrate that the RRI-II is a reliable test.

All RRI-II scales have alpha coefficients above the professionally accepted standard of .75 and are highly reliable. And, all coefficient alphas are significant at the p<.001 level.

Relationships between RRI and RRI-II scales

The RRI-II is a revised version of the RRI, but some of the scales remained the same or changed very little. These scales are: Alcohol, Drugs, Comparative Change and Intervention Checklist. For the RRI-II, the Truthfulness Scale was redone, the Road Rage Scale was dropped and the Stress Coping Abilities Scale was added. Pearson Product-Moment correlation coefficients between RRI scale scores and RRI-II scale scores for the four similar scales are presented in the table below.

498 APPLICANTS (2002) CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS

Two different samples of applicants were used in this correlation analysis, and each applicant took only the RRI or the RRI-II. To test the correlation between scale scores, the data for each scale was sorted in ascending order. This type of correlation was used because different respondents took different tests. But, because the scales and respondents were similar (applicants for reinstatement), the correlations are meaningful. There were 498 applicants included in this analysis (249 for each test). Such high correlation coefficients demonstrate that RRI and RRI-II scales essentially measure the same thing.

Software

The RRI-II is available in MS-DOS and Windows diskettes. MS-DOS diskettes contain all their own software. Windows diskettes require a one-time setup procedure after which RRI-II data diskettes (25 or 50 test applications) are used to score and print reports on-site. Training manuals are provided free, and new test users can be walked through these scoring and printing procedures over the telephone.

RRI-II data diskettes contain 25 or 50 test applications. These 3½" and 5¼" diskettes score, interpret and print reports on-site. Once an RRI-II account is established, ordered diskettes are mailed to users. Approximately 97% of orders are filled and mailed back to users the same day. When all test applications on a diskette are used, these diskettes are returned to Risk & Needs where demographics and test data are downloaded into the RRI-II database for subsequent database analysis and research.

The proprietary "delete names" program is activated by the test user with a few keystrokes to delete all applicants’ names from the diskette before they are returned to Risk & Needs. Deleting all applicant names insures protection of each applicant’s confidentiality and compliance with HIPAA (federal regulation 45 C.F.R. 164.501).

Database

The RRI-II system contains a proprietary built-in database. Earlier, it was noted that all RRI-II used diskettes are returned to Risk & Needs, and the test data is downloaded into the expanding RRI-II database. This database allows ongoing research and testing program summary features that were not possible before. Ongoing research insures quality control. Annual testing program summaries provide program self-evaluation. And, both of these services are provided free.

Built-in Database

The RRI-II permits ongoing research and annual program summary -- at no additional cost (meaning free). As discussed earlier, when the 25 or 50-test diskettes are used, these used diskettes are returned to Risk & Needs, checked for viruses and downloaded into the expanding RRI-II database. Advantages of this proprietary database are many and include database research analysis and annual testing program summary reports.

Returned diskettes can be summarized on a state, department or agency basis -- at no additional cost to test users. Annual summary reports provide information that permit testing program review.

In summary, all returned RRI-II diskettes are centrally filed at Risk & Needs' offices in the RRI-II database. This database has many advantages. Database analysis permits ongoing cost efficient research that includes scale alpha coefficients, ANOVA, frequency distributions, correlations, cross-tab statistics along with reliability, validity and accuracy determinations.

Annual Summary Reports

Risk & Needs can access each of its tests' built-in databases for statistical analysis and summarization of all tests administered in a year. Annual Summary Reports are prepared for state, department, agency and even some individual providers -- at no cost to them. These reports are provided as a professional courtesy to large volume test users. Summary reports include demographics, court-history when relevant, and test statistics (reliability, validity and accuracy). Has anyone offered to summarize your testing program? Annually? At no additional cost to you? Minimum testing volume for annual reports is 350 tests. There is no maximum limit. Risk & Needs' annual reports range in size from 350 tests to over 55,000 tests annually. An Annual Summary Report can be viewed by clicking on this Annual Summary Reports link.

Staff Member Input

The RRI-II is to be used in conjunction with experienced staff judgment. When available, driving records should be reviewed. Experienced staff should also interview the applicant. For these reasons, the following statement is contained in each RRI-II report: "RRI-II results are confidential and should be considered working hypotheses. No diagnosis or decision should be based solely upon RRI-II results. The RRI-II is to be used in conjunction with experienced staff judgment."

Selecting a Reinstatement Review Test

If you are selecting a reinstatement assessment instrument, the following Comparison Checklist should prove helpful. It lists important screening test qualities. The "Other" column represents any other test you might want to compare to the RRI-II.

In summary, the RRI-II is different. It does explore the question "Has the applicant changed since their driver’s license was suspended or revoked?" Each RRI-II scale represents important areas of inquiry when deciding whether to reinstate a person’s driver’s license after it has been suspended or revoked. RRI-II reports summarize the applicant’s self-reported information, explain what attained scale scores mean and provide score-related recommendations. Risk & Needs' staff is not aware of any other test that has been designed specifically for applicants applying for reinstatement of their suspended or revoked driver’s license.

Unique Features

Truthfulness Scale: Identifies denial, problem minimization and faking. It is now known that most applicants attempt to minimize their problems. A Truthfulness Scale is a necessary component in contemporary tests. The RRI-II Truthfulness Scale has been demonstrated to be reliable, valid and accurate.

Truth-Corrected Scores: Have proven to be very important for assessment accuracy. This proprietary truth correction process is comparable to the MMPI K-Scale correction. The RRI-II Truthfulness Scale has been correlated with the other 5 scales. The Truth Correction equation converts raw scores to Truth-Corrected scores. Truth-Corrected scores are more accurate than raw scores. Raw scores reflect what the applicant wants you to know. Truth-Corrected scores reveal what the client is attempting to hide.

More than just another alcohol or drug test. In addition to alcohol and drugs, the RRI-II assesses other important areas of inquiry. The RRI-II is specifically designed for applicant assessment. It provides the information needed for comprehensive applicant reinstatement screening.

Three ways to give the RRI-II. The RRI-II can be administered in three different ways: 1. Paper-pencil test booklet format is the most popular testing procedure. RRI-II English and Spanish test booklets and answer sheets are available. 2. Tests can be given directly on the computer screen. Some agencies dedicate computers for RRI-II testing. And, 3. Human voice audio in English or Spanish is available. This involves a headset. The applicant uses the up-down arrow keys. As the client goes from question to answer with the arrow keys, that question or answer is highlighted on the monitor and concurrently read to the client. These three test administration modes are discussed in the "RRI-II: Orientation and Training Manual." Each test administration mode has advantages and some limitations. Risk & Needs offers these three test modes so test users can select the administration mode that is optimally suited to their needs.

Reading Impaired Assessment: Reading impaired applicants represent 20+ percent of the clients tested. This represents a serious problem to other assessment tests. Risk & Needs has developed an alternative for dealing with this problem: Human Voice Audio.

Human Voice Audio: Presentation of the RRI-II is in English and Spanish. Applicants’ passive vocabularies are often greater than their active vocabularies. Hearing items read out loud often helps reduce cultural and communication problems. This administration mode requires earphones and simple instructions to orient the client to the up-down arrow keys on the computer keyboard. Human Voice Audio is an alternative approach for screening reading impaired applicants.

Confidentiality: Risk & Needs encourages test users to delete applicant names from diskettes before they are returned to Risk & Needs. Once applicant names are deleted, they are gone and cannot be retrieved. Deleting applicant names does not delete demographics or test data, which is downloaded into the RRI-II database for subsequent analysis. This proprietary name deletion procedure involves a few keystrokes and insures client confidentiality and compliance with HIPAA (federal regulation 45 C.F.R. 164.501).

Test Data Input Verification: Allows the person that inputs test data from the answer sheet into the computer to verify the accuracy of their data input. In brief, test data is input twice, and any inconsistencies between the first and second data entries are highlighted until corrected. When the first and second data entries match or are the same, the staff person can continue. This proprietary Data Input Verification procedure is optional, yet strongly recommended by Risk & Needs.

Orientation and Training Manual: The "RRI-II: Orientation and Training Manual" (O&T Manual) explains how the RRI-II works. It is a must read for staff that will be using the RRI-II. O&T Manual content includes, but is not limited to, the following: instructions for testing, an explanation of how scores are derived, a clarification of how court-related information is used, a description of unique RRI-II features and much more.

Computer Operating Guide: Some computer operators want more information than others. Consequently, Risk & Needs provides a One-Page Quick Start, which includes basic instructions for scoring RRI-II’s, and a more comprehensive "RRI-II: Computer Operating Guide." The Computer Operating Guide contains instructions for using MS-DOS as well as Windows software. This manual discusses hardware, software, scoring, printing reports, unique program features and much more.

Staff Training: Risk & Needs' staff are available to participate in RRI-II training programs conducted by statewide programs, departments and high volume agencies in the United States. Sometimes, smaller volume providers get together for collective (multiple providers) on-site training. Risk & Needs typically participates in 4-hour or 6-hour RRI-II training sessions. This training can include hands-on computer scoring, as desired. Risk & Needs gives attendees certificates attesting to their RRI-II training.

Staff training is also provided on Fridays at Risk & Needs' Phoenix offices from 8:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. or from 1:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m. These training sessions are free. To participate, contact Risk & Needs at least ten days in advance. Participation is on a first call, first scheduled basis.

Automated Focused Interview (AFI): The AFI is a structured interview. It is not a test. The AFI consists of 74 multiple choice items, and the answers selected by the client are printed in the AFI report. The AFI can be used to augment Risk & Needs driving-related tests, which are listed on the "Tests Functionally Grouped" webpage. AFI use is voluntary (not required), and it is provided free to Risk & Needs driving-related test users. For more information and to see an AFI report, click on this AFI link.

Free Examination Kit: A 1-test demo diskette is available on a 30-day cost free basis. Demo diskettes are in MS-DOS format so that all of the software is contained on the diskette. This way, the one-time Windows setup program is avoided at the demo level. Examination kits contain the 1-test demonstration diskette, test booklet and training manuals. Risk & Needs does want the demonstration diskette and test booklet returned within 30 days. To request a free examination kit, click on the Free Examination Kit Request link.

Test Unit Fee (Cost): RRI-II test unit fee information can be reviewed by clicking on the Test Unit Fee (Cost) link. Compare Risk & Needs' one test unit fee with other tests à la carte (separate cost for test booklets, answer sheets, test applications, manuals, consultation, staff training, research and testing program summaries). Risk & Needs only charges the one test unit fee, and everything else is included at no additional cost to test users.

How to Proceed: To become a Risk & Needs test user, click on the Agreement & Proposals link, click on the Print Client User Agreement button and fax the completed form to (602) 266-8227, or mail your completed form to Risk & Needs. Upon its receipt by Risk & Needs, you become a Risk & Needs test user and can order tests. Current Risk & Needs test users can reorder by mail, telephone, fax or e-mail.

Other related links are listed for reference. They are available as needed.

    Test Unit Fee (Cost) webpage link. Explains Risk & Needs' Test Unit Fees or Costs.
    New Client Order webpage link. Explains steps to become a "new Risk & Needs client."
    How to Order webpage link. Explains how Risk & Needs tests can be ordered.

Additional information can be provided upon request. Contact Risk & Needs Assessment, Inc., P.O. Box 44828, Phoenix, Arizona 85064-4828. Risk & Needs' telephone number is (602) 234-3506, our fax number is (602) 266-8227 and our e-mail address is hhl@riskandneeds.com.

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EXAMPLE REPORT
EXAMPLE REINSTATEMENT REVIEW INVENTORY-II REPORT

An example RRI-II three-page report is included for review. This example report is presented page by page. It should be noted that all RRI-II reports are printed in the same format. However, within this outline, each report is highly individualized.

Page 1 presents the "RRI-II Summary Statement" in the box at the top right of the page. There are 3 possible summary statements: 1. Invalid Test Results (test results are distorted due to applicant defensiveness, denial, problem minimization or attempts to fake good). 2. Meets Reinstatement Criteria (RRI-II results indicate it would be appropriate to reinstate this applicant’s driver’s license). And, 3. Exceeds Reinstatement Criteria (RRI-II results reflect serious problems). To review these summary statements, click on the RRI-II Summary Statements link.

The RRI-II profile lists its scales, gives the applicant’s attained scale scores and summarizes this information graphically. Experienced RRI-II users can summarize results at a glance. Below the RRI-II profile is a brief self-reported driver record. The "Summary" paragraph summarizes RRI-II results in one concise paragraph.

                     REINSTATEMENT REVIEW INVENTORY - II
                     ***********************************
                            CONFIDENTIAL REPORT

   NAME OR ID#    : Example Report                 ----------------------
   AGE: 21     SEX: Male                           |       MEETS        |
   DATE OF BIRTH  : 01-01-1983                     |   REINSTATEMENT    |
   ETHNICITY/RACE : Caucasian                      |     CRITERIA       |
   EDUCATION/GRADE: Partial H.S.                   ----------------------
   MARITAL STATUS : Single
   DATE SCORED    : 12/11/2004

   RRI-II results  are confidential  and  should  be  considered  working
   hypotheses. No  diagnosis  or decision  should be  based  solely  upon
   RRI-II results. The  RRI-II is to be used  in conjunction  with exper-
   ienced staff judgment.

                                             RRI-II PROFILE
   Scales         % Score      +---------------+-----------+-------+---+
   ------         -------      -   LOW RISK    -  MEDIUM   -PROBLEM-MAX-
                               -               -           -       -   -
   TRUTHFULNESS      37        ***************.-...........-.......-...-
                               -               -           -       -   -
   ALCOHOL           76        *******************************.....-...-
                               -               -           -       -   -
   DRUGS             59        ************************....-.......-...-
                               -               -           -       -   -
   STRESS COPING     61        *************************...-.......-...-
                               +---------------+-----------+-------+---+
                               0               40          70      90 100
                               ----------- PERCENTILE SCORES -----------

   INTERVENTION CHECKLIST: Out of 24 items, the applicant answered 19 as
     'Completed requirement' and 4 were answered 'Does not apply to me'.
     Answers are listed on page 2 of this report.

   COMPARATIVE CHANGE: Out of 18 items, the applicant answered 10 as
     'Changed for the better' and none were answered 'Does not apply'.
     Answers are listed on page 3 of this report.

        Client had: 1 DUI arrest, 1 suspension in the last 10 years.

                                  SUMMARY
                                  -------
   The  statement  'Meets  Reinstatement  Criteria'  means  RRI-II   test
   results indicate that together the Alcohol, Drugs  and  Stress  Coping
   Abilities Scales scores do not  represent  a  problem  at  this  time.
   Furthermore,  fewer  than  4  Intervention   Checklist    items    are
   categorized as answer #1-Required but did  not  complete.  And,  fewer
   than 4 Comparative Change items are categorized as  answer  #3-Changed
   for the worse. These Reinstatement  Review  Inventory-II  results  are
   accurate and valid.


   Reinstatement Review Inventory-II, Copyright (c) 1999. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Page 2 presents paragraph summaries for the Truthfulness Scale, Alcohol Scale, Drugs Scale and Intervention Checklist. At the bottom of page 2, the Intervention Checklist Scale paragraph is presented, and checklist items (#47 through #70) are presented. Checklist results reflect the applicant’s self-report.

   NAME: Example Report             -2-                      RRI-II REPORT

   * * SUMMARY PARAGRAPHS EXPLAINING CLIENT'S ATTAINED SCALE SCORES * *
       ------------------------------------------------------------
   TRUTHFULNESS SCALE: LOW RISK RANGE                  RISK PERCENTILE: 37 
    This is  an  accurate  RRI-II  profile  and  other  scale  scores  are
    accurate.  This individual  responded to the  RRI-II test  items  in a
    nondefensive, cooperative and truthful manner.  Denial and  distortion
    are minimal. This person has adequate reading skills and was truthful.
    The  Truthfulness  Scale  is  designed  to  identify  self-protective,
    recalcitrant  and  guarded  people  who  minimize   or  conceal  self-
    report information.

   ALCOHOL SCALE: PROBLEM RISK RANGE                   RISK PERCENTILE: 76 
    A drinking (beer, wine or liquor) or alcohol-related problem is  indi-
    cated. Verify if this person is a "recovering" alcoholic. Relapse risk
    is  high.  RECOMMENDATIONS:  First  offenders  may be  assigned  to  a
    midrange intervention or treatment program, whereas, multiple  offend-
    ers might be referred to a more comprehensive program. Intervention or
    counseling (individual or group) should not be replaced  by Alcoholics
    Anonymous  meetings. Rather, Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) meetings  could
    augment  treatment.  Individual or group  counseling on  an outpatient
    basis might be appropriate.

   DRUGS SCALE: MEDIUM RISK RANGE                      RISK PERCENTILE: 59 
    Some indicators of drug use are present, however, an established  pat-
    tern of abuse is not evident. RECOMMENDATIONS: Interview to  establish
    this client's history and pattern  of  drug  use  or  abuse.  Consider
    referral for enrollment in an education  program.  Multiple  offenders
    (and interested first offenders) might concurrently  attend  Narcotics
    Anonymous (NA) or Cocaine Anonymous (CA) meetings.  Most  medium  risk
    scorers benefit from pretreatment education.

   INTERVENTION CHECKLIST:  This  applicant's  answers  indicate  that  he
    positively went  beyond  what  was  required  for  some  preconditions
    established  for  driver's  license  reinstatement.  The   applicant's
    answers show that he did not complete some requirements established at
    the time of driver's license suspension  or  revocation.  Indeed,  the
    applicant  acknowledges  awareness  of  requirements  that  were   not
    completed. And his answers show some Intervention Checklist items (#47
    through 70) do not apply in his case. Intervention Checklist items and
    applicant answers are summarized for reference. Items and answers  are
    abbreviated in this report.

                          INTERVENTION CHECKLIST
   47-Aftercare..Exceeded requirement  59-New friends.Exceeded requirement
   48-AA.........Requirement completd  60-Family time.Exceeded requirement
   49-Lifestyle..Exceeded requirement  61-Religion....Exceeded requirement
   50-Chem. dep..Exceeded requirement  62-NA..........Item does not apply
   51-CA.........Requirement completd  63-Outpatient..Item does not apply
   52-Counseling.Exceeded requirement  64-Paid fees...Requirement completd
   53-Court reqs.Item does not apply   65-Recov. pgm..Requirement completd
   54-Comm. sys..Did not complete      66-Self-help...Requirement completd
   55-Chem. dep..Requirement completd  67-Stop drinkg.Requirement completd
   56-Grp. couns.Exceeded requirement  68-Stop drivng.Requirement completd
   57-Fam. rela..Item does not apply   69-Stop drugs..Requirement completd
   58-Ind. couns.Exceeded requirement  70-Educ. prgm..Exceeded requirement

Page 3 begins with a summary of the Comparative Change Scale. Next is the Stress Coping Abilities Scale paragraph. Significant items (direct admissions or unusual answers) for the Alcohol Scale and Drugs Scale are only listed when selected by the applicant. Applicant answers to items #119 through 128 are designated the multiple choice items. These answers are chosen by the applicant and incorporate the applicant’s biases. The report provides space for staff member comments, signature and the date the report was completed on. At the bottom of page 3 is a reproduction of all of the applicant’s RRI-II answers. This facilitates clarification of any test items of interest along with the applicant’s answers.

 NAME:
   Example Report       -3- RRI-II
   REPORT COMPARATIVE       CHANGE: This
   applicant's        answers to Comparative
   Change items        (#71 through
   88) indicate        that he
   believes some positive       changes (cognitive,
   behavioral        and lifestyle) have
   occurred in       the last year

   or 12 months. Applicant self-report indicates              that many of 
    these items have not changed in  the  last
    12  months.  This  applicant  reports  few,  if
    any, of these items have 'changed  for  the  worse.'
    Comparative Change items and applicant answers are summarized (in abbreviated format)  for  reference.
    COMPARATIVE CHANGE 71-Temper...........Improved 80-Healing.........No change 72-Understanding....No change 81-Drug use........Improved 73-Well-being.......Got worse 82-Not

   drinking....Improved 74-Drinking.........Improved 83-Not using drugs.Improved 75-Driving Attitude.Improved 84-Responsibility..No change
   76-Driver Education.Improved 85-Problems........No

   change                             77-Driving
   safety...No                             change
    86-Social drinking.Improved 78-Family...........Improved 87-Social drug use.Improved  79-Friendships......No change 88-Substance educa.No change STRESS
    COPING SCALE: MEDIUM RISK RANGE RISK
   PERCENTILE: 61 Although generally manifesting average
   stress coping abilities, this person's

   emotions             can interfere with judgment--particularly

   when frustrated,
   angered,
   rejected or during periods of substance      abuse. However, stress does not appear
   to be a focal issue in   this person's adjustment. This score is a
   Medium Risk (40 to 69th  percentile) score. MULTIPLE CHOICE: The following
   responses may help in  understanding the applicant's situation. ALCOHOL DRUGS -------
   ----- 6. States drinks more          than should 42. Admits to

   a

   drug  problem  8.
                                  Drinking more than         little

   prob.  12. Last year attended AA meetings 14. 
   States concerned   about drinking SUSPENSIONS/REVOCATIONS ** One DL 
            suspension MULTIPLE CHOICE ---------------

   119. Drinking is not a problem      124. Drug use not a problem
   120. Not sure needs alcohol trtmt   125. Not sure if needs drug trtmt
   121. Last year: alcohol counseling  126. Last year had drug counseling
   122. States "recovering" alcoholic  127. Drove a vehicle in last year
   123. Suicidal in last year          128. Not informed of requirements

   COMMENTS:______________________________________________________________

   ___________________________  __________________________  ______________
                                  STAFF MEMBER SIGNATURE         DATE

   RESPONSES  1- 50 TTFTTTTTTF TTFTTFFFFF TFTFFTTFTT FFFFFFFFFF FFFFFF3233 
   Test #1   51-100 2341234333 3442222223 1231112122 1112211213 2233122333 
            101-128 1143213141 3414144143 21143214

We hope this RRI-II webpage was interesting and helpful. Additional information can be provided upon request. Contact Risk & Needs Assessment, Inc., P.O. Box 44828, Phoenix, Arizona, 85064-4828. Our telephone number is (602) 234-3506, our fax number is (602) 266-8227, and our email address is hhl@riskandneeds.com.

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